Knowledge is protection. This guide explains what elder abuse is, the forms it takes, the warning signs to watch for, and the steps you can take to help — for yourself or someone you care about.
Elder abuse is any act — or lack of action — within a relationship of trust that harms a senior and causes them distress, or risks their health or welfare.
It can take place in the home, in other residential settings, or in the community. It can be caused by family, friends, paid care providers, landlords, staff, or any person in a position of trust and authority.
Know the Forms
Types of abuse
Elder abuse can take many forms. Recognizing them is the first step toward prevention and protection.
Physical abuse
Causing injury or physical discomfort to an older adult.
Psychological / emotional
Diminishing a person's sense of identity, dignity and self-worth.
Sexual abuse
Sexual behaviour directed at an older adult without their full knowledge or consent.
Financial abuse
Misusing funds or assets without full knowledge or consent, or against the person's best interests.
Neglect
Withholding or failing to provide basic necessities or care — through a lack of experience, information or ability.
Patterns to Notice
Examples of abusive behaviour
Abusive behaviour toward a senior can include a person:
Being controlling — isolating them from friends and family.
Blaming them for the abuse.
Having a strong sense of entitlement to their property or belongings.
Treating them like a child.
Leaving them alone for long periods if they are dependent.
Some forms of abuse are criminal offences under the Criminal Code of Canada. Resources such as the Advocacy Centre for the Elderly provide more information on the types of abuse that fall under the law.
Watch For
Warning signs of abuse
Some signs that a senior may be experiencing abuse include:
Changes in mood — depression, fear, anxiety or detachment.
Changes in behaviour — social withdrawal.
Physical harm — unexplained injuries.
Neglect — lack of hygiene, food or clothing.
Financial red flags — failure to meet obligations or unusual bank withdrawals.
Changes in living arrangements — people moving in, or the senior being forced out.
Take Action
What to do if someone is being abused
If you have immediate concerns about an older adult's safety, call the police. In Ontario you must report abuse when the victim lives in a retirement home or long-term care home. You can support an older person at risk by recognizing the warning signs, talking with them and expressing your concerns, and finding out how you can help.
Ask the person
How they're doing.
If they're having any trouble at home or in other ways.
If there is someone you can connect them with who may help.
How else they would like to be helped, and what you can do.
If they tell you they're being abused
Be patient — listen carefully and don't jump to conclusions.
Believe them — you may be the first person ever entrusted with this.
Don't judge — respect their decisions, even if you disagree.
Don't deny it — denial isolates the person even further.
Don't confront the perpetrator yourself — it could put you both at risk.
Encourage them to seek help and learn about safety planning and local resources.
Remember that keeping the lines of communication open and breaking isolation can be vital. Changing an abusive relationship is extremely difficult — it can take a long time for someone to decide to reach out or even talk about their situation.
If This Is You
What to do if you're being abused
You should know:
You do not deserve to be abused.
You are not to blame for the abuse.
You have a right to live without fear.
You have a right to a safe, healthy environment and relationships.
You have the right to control your own life and decisions.
You are not alone — many have found ways to deal with these situations.
You may or may not want to leave or take action, but it's important to know your options and that help is available. Tell someone you trust, ask for help, turn to the police if you don't feel safe, learn about resources in your community, and make a safety plan in case you have to leave quickly.
Be Prepared
Safety planning checklist
Your emergency kit
You may want to put together an emergency kit that includes:
Emergency phone numbers, written out and stored safely.
Emergency money (for a taxi, hotel or payphone).
Extra clothing.
A medication list, pharmacy details, and at least three days' worth of medications.
Glasses, hearing aids and assistive devices (cane, walker or wheelchair).
A safe place to go in an emergency, both in and outside your home.
An escape route from your home.
Keys for your home, car and safety deposit box.
Copies of relevant documents:
Identification (e.g. birth certificate)
Marriage certificate or record of common-law relationship
Notice of assessment from your most recent tax return
Cheque books and credit cards
Lease, rental agreement, or house deed
Bank book and recent statements
Health card
Social Insurance Number
Passport
Immigration papers
In an emergency, call the police.
If you or an older adult is in immediate danger, call 911 right away. You are never alone, and reaching out is always the right choice. PEACE Services is here to help connect you with support and resources in the community.
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